acicularis: needle-like (prickles)

agrestis: growing in the fields

arvensis: of the field

autumnalis: of autumn

canina: with sharp teeth or thorns

cericea: waxy

cymosa: bearing cymes, flattened flower heads blooming from the

middle out

filipes: threadlike + foot hence "with threadlike stalks"

foetida: with an unpleasant smell

foliolosa: leafy

gallica: from Gaul or France

gigantea: giant

glabra: smooth or hairless

glauca: white bloom-bluish greyish

gymnocarpa: gymnos,"naked," and karpos,"fruit"

hispida: bristly

horrida: very prickly or bristly

inermis: without prickles

inodora: unscented

longifolia: with long leaves

macrantha: large flowered

macrocarpa: large-fruited

macrophylla: with large leaves

majalis: bigger

micrantha: small flowered

microphylla: with small leaves

minima: dwarf

multiflora: many flowered

mutabilis: varied, changing in form or color

nitida: shining,lustrous

nutkana: of Nootka Sound, British Columbia

odorata: perfumed

officinalis: Official prescription herbal medicine

pallida: cream

palustris: from marshes

parviflora: small flowered

parvifolia: with small leaves

pauciflora: few-flowered

paucifolia: with few leaves

pendula: weeping

pisocarpa: with pea-like fruit

plicata: pleated

polyantha: many-flowered

polyphylla: with many leaves, leafy

pomifera: apple-bearing (the hips on R.pomifera resemble apples)

pumila: dwarf

reticulata: with a netted pattern

rotundifolia: round-leaved

rugosa: wrinkled

semperflorens: everblooming

sempervirens: evergreen

sericea: silky

setigera: from seti"bristle,"and gero,"bearing," = bearing bristles

referring to the hairy stems, sepals, ovaries and styles

tomentosa: densely covered with short hair

turbinata: shaped like a spinning top

spinosa: spiny

stylosa: with a prominent or well-developed style

tomentosa: woolly

villosa: hairy

viridiflora: green flowered